Rebecca Smith
What Happens If You Have Breast Cancer – As with most common types of cancer, there is a wealth of information on the internet, from how to get yourself checked to what to look for. Going through all of this can be scary.
To quell some of the noise, Dr Unathi Desai, Head of National General Medicine at Nuffield Health, has answered ten of the most frequently asked questions about breast cancer.
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A lump is not necessarily a sign of breast cancer. About 80% of breast lumps are caused by benign (noncancerous) changes, cysts, or other conditions. However, if you find a lump, it’s important to get it checked out by your doctor just to be on the safe side.
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If you notice any changes in your breast tissue, it’s important to see your doctor for a full evaluation.
3: If you are at risk for breast cancer, what can you do besides watch for symptoms?
Self-examination is necessary. If you check yourself regularly, you will notice changes in your breast tissue. Monthly self-examination is best, if you have a period, it should be done 2-3 days after your period.
In addition, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, drinking less alcohol, and smoking do not help reduce the risk of breast cancer.
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No, approximately 70% of women diagnosed with breast cancer have no known risk factors for the disease. But there are risks in family history, such as:
No: Claims that bedding can constrict the lymphatic system, build up toxins and increase the risk of breast cancer are not supported by science.
The consensus is that neither the type of bra you wear nor the tightness of your underwear or other clothing has anything to do with breast cancer risk.
No, there are claims that parabens, used as preservatives in some antiperspirants, have estrogen-like properties and may cause breast cancer. However, a causal link between parabens and breast cancer has not been established.
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Breast cancer risk is not related to breast size. However, size determination can be affected. The larger or denser the breast, the more thorough the self-examination should be to ensure that all the deep tissues are palpable.
Changes may be more noticeable in smaller breasts or when the breast tissue is less dense. It is important to regularly check the breasts, regardless of their size and density, to detect changes early.
Mammograms are specifically designed to screen people of all sizes. The type of fabric is more important than the size of the bust. Very dense tissue that appears whitish on a mammogram makes it difficult to detect small tumors.
No causal relationship has been found between caffeine intake and breast cancer. It is not yet known whether breast pain may be related to caffeine.
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It used to be thought that people with loose, dense or fibrocystic breasts had a higher risk of breast cancer, but science has since concluded that there is no connection.
However, when you have this type of breast, it can be harder to distinguish normal tissue from cancerous tissue, so it’s important to tell your doctor about any changes.
Although radiation is used in mammography, the amount is so small that the risks associated with it are small compared to the preventive benefits of the test.
Mammograms can detect tumors before they are visible or otherwise noticeable, and the earlier a tumor is detected, the better the chance of a positive outcome.
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Mammography is not recommended for young people because they have denser breast tissue, which makes it harder to detect abnormalities. In this case, the use of mammography for routine screening of mammography radiation dose cannot be justified.
If you would like to speak to a healthcare professional and have your breasts checked, you can book a women’s health assessment at Nuffield Health. The options available to treat your particular type of breast cancer depend on a number of factors, including the stage. and cancer grade.
Doctors assign different stages to describe how advanced breast cancer is and to help determine treatment options. flag
The two main categories of breast cancer are invasive and non-invasive. Non-invasive breast cancer stays in the milk ducts and lobules (milk glands) of the breast. Most breast cancers are invasive. They can spread beyond these areas and invade healthy tissue.
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The most common non-invasive form of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), where the cancer has developed in the ducts that supply milk to the breast, but has not spread beyond the ducts.
A similar condition, lobular carcinoma in situ, begins in the kidney and does not grow back. Unlike DCIS, LCIS is not considered cancerous, but if it is, you are at risk of developing breast cancer.
The most common type of breast cancer is invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), sometimes called infiltrating ductal carcinoma. About 80 percent of breast cancers are IDC, and the risk of getting IDC increases with age.
IDC starts in the ducts, like DCIS, but then grows outside the ducts and invades the healthy tissue surrounding the breast. If left untreated, cancer can metastasize and spread to the lymph nodes and other parts of the body.
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The options available for treating IDC depend in part on the stage of the cancer, as well as other factors, including the grade of the cancer.
Stages are numbers used to describe how advanced the cancer is and where it has spread in the body. Cancer that has not spread beyond the breast is considered local.
Regional cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, usually the arms. When cancer has spread to other parts of the body, it is considered distant because it is away from the breast.
Your prognosis or long-term outcome depends on the stage of the cancer. Cancer stages are often divided into subcategories to provide more specific information.
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In the past, staging depended only on the size of the tumor and whether it had grown into surrounding tissue, whether the cancer was in the lymph nodes, and whether it had spread to other parts of the body outside of the breast.
Breast cancer stages now take into account tumor grade (how similar cancer cells are to healthy cells); Estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2 status in cancer; and the Oncotype DX score, which means the cancer is estrogen receptor positive, HER2 negative, and there is no cancer in the lymph nodes.
Estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and HER2 status are associated with certain hormones or proteins associated with cancer.
In stage 1A, the cancer is 2 centimeters (cm) or less and has not spread to lymph nodes or outside the breast.
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In stage 1B, there are small clusters of cancer cells between 0.2 and 2 millimeters (mm) in the lymph nodes. Breast lumps may be absent, but if present, should not exceed 2 cm.
Stage 2 cancer also has two subcategories. Stage 2A describes cancer that has spread to one or three lymph nodes under the arm (axillary lymph nodes), with or without a lump in the breast up to 2 cm in size; or a breast tumor of 2-5 cm and no cancer cells in the axillary lymph nodes.
Stage 2B: A 2-5 cm tumor with lymph node swelling (small clusters of tumor cells 0.2-2 mm or cancer in one to three lymph nodes in the axilla or lymph nodes near the breastbone) or a tumor larger than 5 cm but no axillary lymph node cancer .
Stage 3 breast cancer includes stages 3A, 3B, and 3C. In stage 3A, the tumor can be any size and has spread to four to nine lymph nodes near the breastbone or armpit. The tumor may be larger than 5 cm, small clusters of breast cancer cells that have spread to one or three axillary lymph nodes or nodes near the breastbone.
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In stage 3B, the tumor (of any size) has reached the skin of the chest or chest wall, causing a lump or ulcer, and the cancer may have spread to up to nine lymph nodes under the arm or near the breastbone.
Inflammatory breast cancer is automatically stage 3B or later. Inflammatory breast cancer usually involves large areas of reddened skin on the breast, the breast may feel warm and swollen, and cancer cells may spread to the lymph nodes and be found in the skin.
In stage 3C, the cancer can be any size and has spread to the chest wall or breast skin, as in stage 3B; or has spread to 10 or more axillary lymph nodes, lymph nodes above or below the collarbone, or lymph nodes in the armpit and near the chest.
Stage 4 breast cancer, also called metastatic breast cancer (MBC), has spread beyond the breast and lymph nodes to other areas of the body. Breast cancer
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